quota

Setting aside at least 15% of the quota for small-scale hook and line fishers

would result in a massive relief for the small-scale segment

Brussels, 25th of May 2020

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Access the PR in Spanish here

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Today May 26th, small-scale fishers in France will observe the “Bluefin tuna for small-scale fishers” day. The same day, a handful of French tuna millionaires, owners of 22 industrial purse seiners, will commence tuna fishing in the Mediterranean. Between them, they have appropriated 80% of the national Bluefin tuna quota, whilst hundreds of small-scale fishers on the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts do not have the right to catch a single tuna.

Across Europe, small scale fisheries continue to provide the majority of fishing livelihoods (over 50% of at sea employment) and to constitute the majority of the fishing fleet (75% by vessel numbers). Yet, due to discriminatory policies that favour larger scale more industrialised forms of fishing, small-scale fishing fleets’ access to fishery resources has been squeezed. Nowhere is this more so than for Bluefin tuna. What is true for France, is true for other EU coastal states, as we highlighted back in 2017 in the documentary Blue Hope Tuna: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBTLToZP-r4

Small scale fishing is naturally a seasonally diverse, polyvalent activity, using a variety of techniques to catch an array of species, providing jobs locally and supporting local communities. However, starved of quota, small scale fishers have come to rely on a handful of non-quota species, which has increased their vulnerability and the vulnerability of the stocks they depend on.  Access to Bluefin tuna would help to improve the viability of small scale fishing as well as to take pressure off the handful of stocks on which they depend.

Despite years of lobbying for a just quota allocation for small-scale fishers, little progress has been made. In 2006, a stringent recovery plan was put in place for Eastern Bluefin tuna, which saw quotas being slashed and allocated only to the larger industrial fleets. The success of the plan saw year on year quota increases since 2014 but so far all the benefits have been pocketed by those who caused the problem in the first place: the industrial purse seiners. To add insult to injury, any future allocation of tuna quota intended to benefit small scale fishers is likely to be purloined by larger scale interests. The proposal for a multiannual plan put forward in 2019 by the international tuna management body, the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), defines small scale fishing in such a way as to allow any size of fishing vessel using any kind of gear to qualify as small-scale, so long as the vessel complies with at least 3 of 5 criteria[1] making  the definition a big loophole to define any boat, benefiting the usual large-scale fleet. On the basis of the current ICCAT definition, for example, a tuna catching vessel may be over 12 metres, and/or not using techniques that are selective and with a reduced environmental, so long as it satisfies the other 3.

Thanks to the recovery of Bluefin tuna stocks, in 2014 ICCAT proposed an annual quota increase of 20% over 3 years. In 2017, it recommended progressive quota increases up to 36 000 tonnes in 2020, and in 2018 ICCAT moved from the recovery plan to a management plan. However, only a relative pittance from these massive increases has been allocated to small-scale fishers.

The Low Impact Fishers of Europe (LIFE), a platform representing 31 associations of small-scale low impact fishers from 15 EU member states, incorporating around 10,000 fishers is calling for quota justice. This should include setting aside at least 15% of the quota for small-scale hook and line fishers.

Such an allocation would provide a necessary oxygen bubble and help to breathe life into an ailing sector starved of fishing opportunities.

[1] The 2019 ICCAT Multiannual Management Plan for Bluefin Tuna in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea defines “small scale coastal vessels” as catching vessels with at least three of the five following characteristics: a) length overall <12 m; b) the vessel is fishing exclusively inside the territorial waters of the flag CPC c) her fishing trips have a duration of less than 24 hours, or d) the maximum crew number is established at four persons, e) the vessel is fishing using techniques that are selective and have a reduced environmental impact.

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Bluefin tuna in the dock: French small scale fishers take collective action to challenge unfair, non-transparent allocation system.

In line with ICCAT, Europe is celebrating the successful application of Bluefin tuna recovery measures in its waters and the rebuilding of stocks by increasing quotas allocated to the industrial and sports fishing sectors. Once again Europe’s small-scale fishers have been over looked and their interests discriminated against.

To draw attention to this omission, and to open up a dialogue with the authorities, the Union of Small-scale fishers from Occitanie (former SPMLR) took the initiative to mount a legal challenge to the French Ministerial decree through which tuna quota is allocated. In this endeavour, they are joined by 4 other associations, representing small scale fishing interests from the French Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts, and at European level.  Between them, these associations represent over 1,500 French small-scale fishers, and around 7,000 fishers from 12 European Member States. These organisations include:

• The French Platform of Small-scale Artisanal Fisheries (PPPAF);
• The Low Impact Fishers of Europe (LIFE)
• The Varoise Departmental Committee for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture (CDPMEM Var);
• The Regional Committee for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture for Alps and Côte d’Azur Province (CRMEM PACA).

The diversity and strength in numbers represented by these bodies highlights both the frustrations and the high hopes of the professional fishers concerned, on both the Atlantic and Mediterranean seaboards of France. The engagement of LIFE in the campaign underscores the importance of the European dimension, where despite a significant overhaul of the regulations in the 2014 Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) reform, Member States are still able to go about their business as usual, ignoring the interests of the small-scale fleet segment.

In a general sense, the grievances that have led to the action are the same as those voiced by small scale fishers for years. They demand that the way fishing quotas are shared out must change to ensure a fairer allocation and a wider spread of benefits amongst small scale fishers who have been excluded up to now. In particular that the provisions of Article 17 of the CFP be fully applied, and not merely using catch history as the main method for quota allocation.

Article 17 obliges Member States to use transparent and objective criteria including those of an environmental, social and economic nature when allocating fishing opportunities, and encourages them to provide incentives to fishing vessels deploying selective fishing gear or using fishing techniques with reduced environmental impact.

This demand is not restricted to France, nor to Bluefin tuna. Across Europe, traditionally polyvalent, seasonally diverse small-scale fishery activities are increasingly being forced to adopt more homogeneous fishing methods, and to fall back on non-quota species, being deprived as they are of access to quota species.

The legal challenge addresses the following shortcomings of the tuna quota allocation system in France:

• Its disregard for Articles 16 and 17 of the CFP Basic Regulation (EU 1380/2013), which oblige Member States a) to inform the Commission of the methods used for allocating fishing opportunities; b) to use transparent and objective criteria to allocate quota; and c) to provide incentives to fishing vessels that use fishing techniques with a reduced environmental impact;
• Its contravention of EU competition law by using catch history almost exclusively as the allocation criteria for quota;
• Its quasi-exclusive use of catch history as the criteria for allocating quota;
• The ill-considered way it calculates and allocates “socio-economic” quota; and
• The non-respect for the principle of equality in setting by-catch quotas for Bluefin tuna that exclude small scale fishers, whilst trawlers and some longliners benefit.

This action does not signify a split amongst the professionals, with “small” pitted against the “large”. The problem of sharing out the quotas is a recurring one with a long history. The purpose of this action is rather to break the deadlock; it should not interfere with negotiations between professionals in the sector. That is not the intention of those bringing the action. On the contrary, questioning the law should provide a lever, to make those in the profession take heed, and to make the authorities aware of the disproportionality and inequality of the current situation.

Last November, Commissioner Vella informed LIFE that “it is for the Member States to decide on how BFT fishing opportunities are allocated” within the limits set. He assured LIFE that the Commission would continue to address this allocation issue regularly with Member States to ensure that the provisions are correctly applied (https://dani012.supserv.cozmoslabs.com/correspondence-vella-tuna-quota/). LIFE welcomes the Commissioner’s response, and hopes that this new action will highlight where Member States are falling short in putting their commitments into practice, and open the way for the Commission to oversee the correct application of the CFP provisions.

Finally, both ICCAT and the scientific community agree unanimously on the improving health status of Bluefin tuna stocks, which are well on the road to a full recovery. This is confirmed by the regular sightings made by small scale fishers, who watch tuna swimming past without being allowed to catch them. Rarity is no longer an acceptable excuse for denying access to small scale fishers.

Discriminating against the interests of the small-scale fleet segment, whose potential catch rates are relatively low, and whose hook and line techniques are highly selective and discard free through such a differentiated treatment is not acceptable.

It is in the interests of all professional fishers and the sustainability of their professions that a fair re-balancing of quota allocation is made.

Access the official PR of the French Platform of Small-scale Artisanal Fisheries by clicking here (in French)

Access the official PR of the Union of Small-scale fishers from Occitanie by clicking here (in French)

Access article by the french magazine Le Marin by clicking here (in French)

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